The hippocampal formation.
The hippocampus, named for its shape reminiscent of the marine animal that name, receives inputs from virtually all regions of the cerebral cortex, which run along a sequence of three successive synapses. As indicated by the anatomical data, the hippocampus works in a loop, in the manner of a rotunda in which one enters and leaves turning. Its role can be summarized as that of a comparison between the state of the world and its emotional value. The first is provided from data from the sensory cortex, the second through two-way connections with the nucleus accumbens.
The round of nerve impulses in the hippocampal circuit performs rhythmically with periods of 10 to 200 milliseconds. This oscillatory activity plays an important role in the formation of memories, and is particularly strong in the dream phases and suggests a possible link between memory and dreams. Given its interconnections with the cingulate cortex and the mammillary bodies, hippocampus certainly plays a major role in emotional processing and memory.
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